Management of thrombosis in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria: a clinician's guide.

Paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria (PNH), an ultra-orphan disease with a prevalence of 15.9 per million in Europe, is a life-threatening disorder, characterized by haemolysis, bone marrow failure and thrombosis. Patients with PNH prior to the availability of eculizumab had a median survival of between 10 and 22 years, with thrombosis accounting for 22-67% of deaths. 29-44% of patients had at least one thrombosis. This paper provides a clinician's guide to the diagnosis, management and complications of PNH, with an emphasis on thrombosis.