Successful Treatment of HIV-Combined CNS Nocardia Terpenica Infection with Cotrimoxazole as a Single Agent During the Maintenance Phase: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

The Nocardia infection of the central nervous system (CNS) in HIV-positive individuals is difficult to diagnose and treat, often requiring a combination of at least two drugs during the maintenance phase. In this article, we report a case of CNS Nocardia terpenic infection in an AIDS patient diagnosed by cerebrospinal fluid targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS), which was ultimately treated successfully with sulfamethoxazole monotherapy due to adverse drug reactions. Additionally, we reviewed the relevant literature to explore individualized treatment options for CNS Nocardia infections in patients with AIDS and to provide clinicians with evidence-based treatment recommendations.