GeroScience · 2026
What percentage of neuromuscular strength reduction in older adults determines the decline in walking speed?
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Machado Yasmin Oliveira, Luiz Mariane Marques, de Oliveira Máximo Roberta, Lima Sara Souza, Steptoe Andrew, de Oliveira Cesar, da Silva Alexandre Tiago
Аннотация
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: Although different neuromuscular strength (NS) cutoff points have been proposed to identify low walking speed (WS) in older adults, the extent to which NS changes predict long-term WS decline remains unclear. This study aimed to determine the percentage of NS change associated with WS decline in older adults.
METHODS: A longitudinal analysis was conducted using data from 4,541 participants aged ≥ 60 years in the ELSA Study. Changes in NS over four, eight, and twelve years of follow-up, compared to baseline, were categorised into nine groups: maintenance of NS within ± 5%, increases of 5-10%, 10-15%, 15-20%, or more than 20%, and reductions in the same ranges. Generalised linear mixed models were used to evaluate WS trajectories (m/s) as a function of NS changes, adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioural, and clinical factors.
RESULTS: Participants who experienced a 15-20% (-0.007 m/s per year; 95% CI: -0.013 to -0.002) and more than 20% (-0.004 m/s per year; 95% CI: -0.007 to -0.001) reduction in NS had greater WS decline compared to those with stable NS (± 5%). Over 12 years, these reductions corresponded to WS declines of -0.189 m/s and -0.144 m/s, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Losing 15% or more of neuromuscular strength reduces walking speed over time. Therefore, monitoring the percentage change in NS can serve as a useful tool for early detection of the risk of WS decline, allowing for more personalised clinical investigations and timely neuromuscular strengthening interventions to minimise adverse effects on mobility in older adults.
METHODS: A longitudinal analysis was conducted using data from 4,541 participants aged ≥ 60 years in the ELSA Study. Changes in NS over four, eight, and twelve years of follow-up, compared to baseline, were categorised into nine groups: maintenance of NS within ± 5%, increases of 5-10%, 10-15%, 15-20%, or more than 20%, and reductions in the same ranges. Generalised linear mixed models were used to evaluate WS trajectories (m/s) as a function of NS changes, adjusted for sociodemographic, behavioural, and clinical factors.
RESULTS: Participants who experienced a 15-20% (-0.007 m/s per year; 95% CI: -0.013 to -0.002) and more than 20% (-0.004 m/s per year; 95% CI: -0.007 to -0.001) reduction in NS had greater WS decline compared to those with stable NS (± 5%). Over 12 years, these reductions corresponded to WS declines of -0.189 m/s and -0.144 m/s, respectively.
CONCLUSION: Losing 15% or more of neuromuscular strength reduces walking speed over time. Therefore, monitoring the percentage change in NS can serve as a useful tool for early detection of the risk of WS decline, allowing for more personalised clinical investigations and timely neuromuscular strengthening interventions to minimise adverse effects on mobility in older adults.