[The programming effects of the placenta on offspring neurobehavioral development].

Neurobehavioral development in offspring is shaped by multiple interacting determinants. As a critical organ during gestation and fetal development, the placenta exerts programming effects on offspring neurobehavioral outcomes through diverse mechanisms. This article systematically examines the programming role of placental factors from the following perspectives: placental barrier function, placental pathological alterations, neuroendocrine pathways, epigenetic regulation, and immunomodulatory mechanisms. In addition, it explores potential mechanisms underlying sex-specific influences on offspring neurodevelopment, providing a comprehensive perspective for understanding placenta-derived neurodevelopmental abnoramlities.