Awareness of Varicose Veins Associated With the Use of Contraceptive Pills Among Women in Jazan, Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Varicose veins are a rare side effect of birth control pills, linked to hormonal changes that may weaken vein walls and valves, impair blood flow, and increase venous pressure. Factors like sedentary behavior, prolonged standing or sitting, and genetic predisposition may worsen the risk. Additionally, contraceptive hormones can promote fluid retention and venous stasis, further contributing to vein dilation. The direct link between birth control pills and varicose veins remains unclear, as factors such as BMI, age, and pre-existing conditions also play a role. However, limited research exists, particularly in our region, highlighting the need for awareness and studies to address these potential risks and improve women's health outcomes. Aim The current study aims to assess the women's awareness of varicose veins caused by the contraceptive pill in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. By assessing women's understanding of this topic, the study seeks to uncover any prevalent misunderstandings, such as underestimating the role of hormonal changes or overlooking contributing lifestyle factors. This information will help guide awareness campaigns and educational efforts to ensure accurate and accessible information is provided, addressing the unique health concerns and knowledge gaps within our community. Methods This study uses the convenience sampling method and data was collected using a self-report online questionnaire targeting women in Jazan who have used contraception pills or who have been diagnosed with varicose veins (N=494). This is a cross-sectional survey with a target group of Saudi women aged 18 to 64 years old who live in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Participants were recruited through online platforms, including social media channels commonly accessed by women in the community, and through healthcare facilities where contraceptive counseling is provided. This multi-platform approach aimed to capture a diverse range of participants, although the reliance on convenience sampling may still lead to the underrepresentation of certain groups. Results Seventy-six percent of participants were aware of varicose veins, with a mean score of 1.76 and a standard deviation (SD) of 0.421. This indicates a generally low level of awareness among participants. Sixty-eight percent of participants were aware of the connection between contraceptive pills and the likelihood of developing varicose veins while 31.8% were not. Conclusion The majority of participants were aware of oral contraceptives and side effects. Regarding varicose veins, while most participants recognized the condition, only 38.1% understood its risk factors. Additionally, 64% were uncertain about the link between contraceptive pill use and varicose veins, with just 7.5% fully attributing the condition to contraceptive use. The study also found that older women were more likely to associate contraceptive pills with varicose veins. In light of the findings, this study suggests that healthcare providers enhance health education efforts to raise awareness of the risk factors associated with varicose veins, particularly for women using contraceptive pills. For instance, public campaigns can use social media, community health centers, and educational materials to disseminate information about varicose veins, their risk factors, and the potential influence of contraceptive pills.