[Energy drinks: composition, physiological effects and health risks].

Energy drink consumption has increased significantly in recent years, particularly among adolescents, where the prevalence of consumption may reach 50-70% according to some studies. Due to their high caffeine and sugar content, as well as other stimulant ingredients, their consumption is also of particular importance from a public health perspective. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the history, composition, and physiological effects of energy drinks, with special emphasis on adolescents and associated health risks. A narrative literature review was conducted based on international and national publications, focusing on epidemiological and clinical findings related to energy drink consumption among adolescents. The main components of energy drinks, especially caffeine, may enhance alertness and physical performance in the short term; however, excessive consumption is associated with several adverse health effects. The literature indicates associations between energy drink consumption and cardiovascular alterations, sleep disturbances, and risk-taking behaviours such as alcohol use and smoking. Among adolescents, consumption often co-occurs with the use of other psychoactive substances and may be related to mental well-being. Regular consumption of energy drinks during adolescence may pose potential health risks. For prevention, it is particularly important to provide appropriate information to young people and to promote conscious consumption habits. Orv Hetil. 2026; 167(32): 1269-1276.