Genetics, Screening, and Risk-reducing Interventions for Breast Cancer.

This clinical review guides general surgeons in breast cancer genetics, risk assessment, screening, risk-reducing strategies, outlining evaluation and management strategies for average-risk and high-risk women using models like Gail and Tyrer-Cuzick, reviews indications for genetic testing, and interpretation of results. Evidence-based screening approaches-including mammography, MRI, contrast-enhanced mammography, ultrasound, and molecular breast imaging-are reviewed, highlighting benefits and limitations of supplemental diagnostic imaging. Risk-reducing interventions are discussed with emphasis on mutation status, family history, and individualized patient care. The review equips surgeons to integrate genetics into prevention, early detection, and tailored management strategies for breast cancer.