[Repetitive movements of the upper extremities: the results of assessing exposure to biomechanical overload and of a clinical study in a group of workers employed in the production of plywood and veneer panels].

In a group of 27 female workers employed on the manual "moulding" of plywood panels exposure to factors of biomechanical overload for the upper limbs was assessed and an anamnestic and clinical examination was made in order to clarify the occurrence of a series of WMSDs type diseases and disorders. Data are reported on the risk factors, frequency of action (range: right limb-->14.5 divided by 22.0 actions/min,-->5.5 divided by 11.0 actions/min), use of strength (right limb-->Borg 3.7-4.9; left limb-->Borg 3.0-3.8), incongruous postures and movements, complementary factors, and on the lack of recovery pauses (4 hours in an 8-hour shift). The OCRA indices were: single press: right limb-->146-208; left limb-->61-85; multi press: right limb-->4.8-7.1; left limb-->1.1-2.3. The EPM method showed that the factors producing greatest overloading were excessive use of strength, incongruous postures and movements (specially of wrist, hand and elbow) and of complementary factors like constant compression of the palm of the right hand, tearing movements and the use of gloves. Clinical examination according to EPM showed that tendon disorders (69% of which 34% were carpal tunnel syndrome) were the most frequent disorders followed by epicondylosis (23%); disorders of the shoulder were less frequent (8%). In view of the clear significance of the statistical data of these disorders which were proved to be caused by current work organization (Fisher test was highly significant for 65% and significant for 75% of the disorders), further diagnostic and therapeutic investigations for each single female worker are necessary along with specific interventions to improve working conditions. Among the possible prevention measures the need is stressed for improvements on tools, on job organization, and for an adequate information and training program for all workers.