Campylobacter coli Empyema Resistant to Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones: A Case Report and Literature Review.

A 58-year-old man presented with dyspnea and easy fatigability for two months and was diagnosed with empyema. Despite the initial treatment with intravenous ampicillin-sulbactam and chest tube drainage, the patient's condition did not improve. On day 12, Campylobacter coli resistant to both macrolides and fluoroquinolones was identified in the pleural fluid. Meropenem, the only effective antibiotic, was initiated and surgical pleural debridement was performed, thus leading to a clinical recovery. Although 11 cases of empyema caused by Campylobacter spp. have been reported, this is the first case of empyema caused by C. coli that is resistant to both macrolides and fluoroquinolones.