The correlation between smoking and preoperative deep venous thrombosis after hip fracture in geriatric patients: a propensity score-matched study.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the association between smoking and the incidence of preoperative deep venous thrombosis (DVT) after hip fracture in geriatric patients.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included 1,190 geriatric patients who underwent surgery for hip fractures. Patients were categorized into smokers and non-smokers based on their smoking history. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted to estimate adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for preoperative DVT, controlling for potential confounders. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to minimize confounding variables, including age, sex, and comorbidities. Additionally, a dose-response analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the intensity of smoking and the probability of preoperative DVT.

RESULTS

The incidence of preoperative DVT was significantly higher in smokers compared to non-smokers before PSM (27.6% vs. 11.9%, p < 0.001) and after PSM (26.3% vs. 11.4%, p < 0.001). Smoking was an independent predictor of increased preoperative DVT risk, with an adjusted OR of 3.68 (95% CI 2.23-6.08, p < 0.001) after multivariable regression and 2.75 (95% CI 1.47-5.14, p < 0.001) after PSM. A dose-response relationship was observed between smoking intensity and preoperative DVT risk.

CONCLUSIONS

Smoking is an independent risk factor for preoperative DVT after hip fracture in geriatric patients. Moreover, a dose-response relationship was observed, with higher smoking intensity corresponding to a greater risk of DVT.