The evaluation of the efficacy and safety of non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in combination with INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation technique for infants at 28 to 33 weeks of gestation with respiratory distress syndrome.

OBJECTIVES

The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist used after INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation in preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome.

METHODS

We conducted a prospective observational study that included 15 inborn preterm infants at 28 (0/7) to 33 (6/7) weeks of gestation with respiratory distress syndrome in the period from April 2017 to October 2018. After INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation, infants underwent non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist. INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation failure was defined as follows: fraction of inspired oxygen requirement >0.4, respiratory acidosis, and severe apnea within 5 days after surfactant administration.

RESULTS

Two of the 15 (13.3%) infants showed INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation failure and required mechanical ventilation. No infants experienced any major complications such as pneumothorax, patent ductus arteriosus ligation, severe intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, retinopathy of prematurity, or death.

CONCLUSION

The rate of INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation failure when non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist was used after INtubation-SURfactant-Extubation for preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome was 13.3%. Non-invasive neurally adjusted ventilatory assist can be safely performed without severe complications for preterm infants soon after birth.