Subcutaneous emphysema in a neonatal foal.

A 16-hour-old foal was examined because of subcutaneous emphysema, which began developing 3 hours after a routine delivery. Physical examination did not reveal soft-tissue or musculoskeletal trauma, and there were no skin injuries to explain the subcutaneous accumulation of air. Results of CBC and serum biochemical analysis were within reference limits, and findings on endoscopy of the pharyngeal area, trachea, and esophagus were within normal limits other than observation of dorsal pharyngeal compression. A pulmonary bulla, pneumomediastinum, and pneumothorax were detected on thoracic radiography. Because of the apparent association of the subcutaneous emphysema and thoracic abnormalities, a diagnosis of primary subcutaneous emphysema was made. A tracheostomy tube was placed to facilitate ventilation and to provide an exit point for the trapped air. Supportive care was provided. The foal's condition resolved over the subsequent 8 days.