Different clinical presentations of Achilles tendinopathy: a cross-sectional study.

Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is a common debilitating tendon disorder in the lower extremity. Clinical presentation of AT might differ from place to place, depending on different variables including cultural factors. This study was conducted to determine the clinical picture of AT in a group of clients referring to an outpatient orthopedics clinic in Shiraz, southern Iran. In this cross-sectional study, a convenient sample of 61 (46 female and 15 male) patients attending to a referral outpatient clinic affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences with a definite diagnosis of AT was studied. Patients with partial- or full-thickness tear of Achilles tendon, history of radicular pain or lower extremity injury, previous history of surgery on their lower extremity, and pregnant women were excluded from the study. We used Maffulli et al. (Foot Ankle Surg 26:240-9, 2020) criteria for the diagnosis of AT in our patients. The patients had a mean age of 47.7 (SD 11.1) years and mean BMI of 28.7 (4.2) kg/m2. There was no significant correlation between the age and body mass index of the participants (Pearson's r = -0.028, p = 0.832). The prevalence of insertional AT among 58 patients with only one site affected, was 84% (95% CI 72-92%), significantly (p < 0.001) higher than that of midportional AT (16%). Women were more frequently affected than men (p < 0.001). The clinical presentation of AT in southern Iran is somewhat different from those reported in other parts of the world. Further studies on larger groups of patients should be done to determine the causes of the observed differences.