Negative impact of broflanilide on non-target organisms: A comprehensive assessment in male zebrafish through in vivo and in vitro approaches.

Broflanilide is a relatively new meta-diamide insecticide that has been continually detected in aquatic ecosystems, yet the negative effects and potential mechanisms to aquatic species remains unclear. In this experiment, the hepatotoxicity effects and mechanisms of broflanilide in male zebrafish and ZFL cells were investigated. Broflanilide exposure induced pathological damage and lipid accumulation in the liver, increased the levels of ALT and AST, altered the T-CHO content, and elevated TG levels. Furthermore, broflanilide exposure promoted ROS production, upregulated MDA and 8-OHdG contents, and increased TNF-α and IL-1β levels in the liver, while no significant changes were observed in caspase-3, suggesting that oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in the toxic mechanisms of broflanilide. Additionally, broflanilide exposure elicited cell cycle arrest, induced apoptosis, decreased MMP, promoted ROS production, increased MDA and 8-OHdG levels, elevated TNF-α and IL-1β levels, and resulted in lipid accumulation in ZFL cells, suggesting that broflanilide exhibits cytotoxicity. Moreover, RNA-Seq results of ZFL cells further elucidated the intricate mechanisms underlying the hepatotoxicity induced by broflanilide. Overall, these findings provide robust evidence of hepatotoxicity from broflanilide, which not only enhances our understanding of its non-target biotoxicity but also furnishes crucial data for assessing the environmental risks posed by this pesticide.