Bevacizumab and beyond: investigating the role of combination therapies in the management of retinal diseases.

To provide a narrative overview of the latest laboratory studies and clinical trials investigating the combination of bevacizumab with various supplements, including vitamin D, anti-oxidants, and other intravitreal injectable agents. We examine the potential benefits of these combinations in reducing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels, improving clinical outcomes, and enhancing the overall treatment of retinal diseases. Bevacizumab, a widely used anti-VEGF agent, has demonstrated significant clinical benefits in the treatment of these retinal disorders by inhibiting abnormal blood vessel growth and reducing retinal edema. However, its use is associated with several limitations, including intraocular inflammation, systemic side effects, variability in patient responses, and the potential for drug resistance. To overcome these limitations, adjunctive treatment regimens may be necessary to enhance the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab. The retina, as one of the most metabolically active tissues in the body, is highly susceptible to hypoxia, leading to retinal ischemia and subsequent VEGF production. By exploring the synergies between bevacizumab and these supplements, we hope to identify novel therapeutic strategies that can improve patient outcomes and address the unmet needs in the management of retinal disorders.