Effects of metabolic syndrome on pulmonary infection in pediatric bronchial asthma: a narrative review.

Bronchial asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness. It is the most common chronic airway inflammatory disease in children and severely affects their physical and mental health. The exacerbation of asthma in children often involves interactions among environmental triggers, the airway microbiome, and the innate immune response. Studies have confirmed that asthma in children is closely associated with lung infections. On the one hand, asthma in children increases the likelihood of lung infections; on the other hand, lung infections can significantly increase the likelihood of acute asthma attacks in children. Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents is considered a risk factor for chronic diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Recent studies have shown that metabolic abnormalities in children are significantly associated with pulmonary infections and asthma in children. This review aims to review and analyze the specific effects of metabolic abnormalities on pulmonary infections and asthma exacerbations in children with asthma. Metabolic abnormalities in children cause chronic inflammation and alterations in the intestinal flora, which affect lung function, promote lung infection, and aggravate bronchial asthma in children.