17q21.31 Microduplication Syndrome in a Patient with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Macrocephaly, and Intellectual Disability.

The chromosome 17q21.31 microduplication syndrome is a rare genetic syndrome presenting with craniofacial dysmorphisms, psychomotor delay, microcephaly, behavioral disorders, and poor social interaction. Only ten patients have been reported in the literature until today. All patients share some specific features, including psychomotor delay, behavioral disorders, and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, a new case of this syndrome is reported in an 11-year-old Caucasian child who presented the classical clinical features of the 17q21.31 microduplication syndrome in association with new clinical characteristics previously unreported. The Array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) revealed a partial duplication of the long arm of chromosome 17. A literature review of previously studied patients with 17q21.31 microduplication syndrome is reported.