Neuroimmune Characteristics of Animals with Prenatal Alcohol Intoxication.

Neuroinflammation can be an important factor of many disorders in central nervous system (CNS) including cognitive dysfunction, affective disorders, and addictive behavior associated with prenatal alcohol exposure and presented in early adulthood. In this study we used an experimental rodent model of prenatal alcohol (PA) exposure (consumption of a 10% ethanol solution by female Wistar rats throughout pregnancy), multiplex immunofluorescence analysis of interleukins (IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, IL-9, and IL-12), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and chemokine CCL5, as well as quantitative real-time PCR to assess the level of cytokine mRNAs in the prefrontal cortex of the sexually mature (PND60) offspring - male and female rats with prenatal alcohol intoxication and control animals. Significant decrease in the content of TNF-α and interleukins IL-1β, IL-3, IL-6, IL-9 was detected in the prefrontal cortex of male, but not in the female PA offspring. Importantly, PA males also showed decrease in the level of TNF-α mRNA in the prefrontal cortex by 45% compared to the control males, which may underlie the detected decrease in its content. Taken together, our study demonstrates that a number of neuroimmune factors are regulated in a sex-specific manner in the prefrontal cortex and are differentially affected in males and females by the prenatal exposure to alcohol. Sex factor must be taken into account when conducting further translational studies of the fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and developing new methods for prevention and therapy.