Long term respiratory outcomes of very premature birth (<32 weeks).

Many very prematurely born infants develop bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), remaining oxygen dependent for many months and requiring frequent rehospitalisations. Troublesome, recurrent respiratory symptoms requiring treatment and lung function abnormalities at follow-up are common. The most severely affected may remain symptomatic with evidence of airways obstruction even as adults. Data from adolescents and adults on the respiratory outcome of extreme prematurity, however, are usually from patients who have had 'classical' BPD with severe respiratory failure in the neonatal period. Nowadays, infants have 'new' BPD developing chronic oxygen dependence despite initially minimal or even no respiratory distress. Affected patients do suffer chronic respiratory morbidity and their lung function may deteriorate during the first year after birth. Infants who suffer respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infections are most likely to require rehospitalisation and suffer chronic respiratory morbidity, but this may reflect greater abnormal premorbid lung function.