Thrombosis and Coagulopathy.

Effective anticoagulation management is crucial for balancing thromboembolism and hemorrhage risks in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and spinal cord injury (SCI). A systematic review from January 1984 to August 2024 highlights a growing preference for prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) as the primary reversal agent, with limited evidence on idarucizumab for dabigatran. Most studies show that 4F-PCC improves mortality and hemostatic efficacy, facilitating faster surgical interventions. The lack of large clinical trials remains a significant gap, limiting the development of standardized protocols. Increasing use of viscoelastic assays for assessing residual anticoagulant activity offers potential for more personalized treatment strategies.