[Expert consensus on the diagnosis and management of post-neurosurgical intracranial infection (2026 edition)].

Post-neurosurgical intracranial infection (PNII) is a common complication of neurosurgery, which is associated with poor outcomes. Key strategies to reduce infection rates and improve prognosis include strict perioperative infection control, early diagnosis of postoperative intracranial infections, and standardized comprehensive treatment. Based on previous guidelines and consensus, the Chinese Society of Neurosurgery, the Chinese Neurosurgery Intensive Care Management Collaboration Group, and the Beijing Neurosurgical Society convened a multidisciplinary team of experts in neurosurgery, infectious diseases, and clinical microbiology. This consensus was developed through systematic literature reviews and evidence-based medicine, integrating domestic and international epidemiological and clinical research evidence. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used for evidence evaluation and recommendation formulation. After multiple rounds of expert discussions and voting, 30 recommendations were finally established. This consensus covers the epidemiology of PNII, pathogen profiles, diagnostic criteria, perioperative prevention strategies, antimicrobial selection, multidrug-resistant organisms management, surgical interventions, and complication management. It aims to provide standardized guidance for clinical practice and to promote more standardized and refined management of PNII.