Penetrating injuries of the axillary artery.

This is a retrospective study of 32 patients with penetrating injury of the axillary artery. There was an overall mortality of 6% entirely accounted for by associated injuries. Pre-operative angiography was used in 12 of these patients either to confirm the presence of an injury or to define its location. Twelve patients underwent lateral arteriorrhaphy or an end-to-end anastomosis and 19 patients had an interposition graft. No immediate problems were experienced with polytetrafluoroethylene grafts compared with autogenous vein grafts. There were 14 patients with a concomitant venous injury; 13 were repaired and only transient arm oedema was experienced. Eleven patients had a brachial plexus injury and, of these, nine underwent a secondary nerve repair with a poor outcome. Axillary artery injury has a good prognosis with a morbidity related mainly to associated nerve injury and a mortality accounted for by injuries to other body systems.