Anabolic-androgenic steroid abuse by physicians.

Physicians are not immune to the rising popularity of anabolic-androgenic steroid (AAS) abuse. We present three cases of physician-patients who recently required inpatient substance abuse treatment stemming from the abuse of AAS or related compounds. These individuals shared a number of clinical and psychological features that led to or resulted from their abuse of ergogenic substances. Each incurred severe professional, legal, domestic and/or health consequences as a result of their abuse. The common features identified in these patients suggest the presence of an overriding "risk behavior syndrome" that may predispose susceptible individuals to AAS abuse. The reinforcing properties of AAS and the potential for dependence remains an active area of research. Effective treatment of these individuals requires recognition of the causative factors as well as the high likelihood of other substance abuse that must also be addressed. With proper support and monitoring, these individuals can resume productive professional careers.