Analytica chimica acta · 2026
A multi-functional effervescent tablet for one-pot effervescent/derivatization/extraction: An integrated strategy for sulfonamide residue analysis.
СтатьяПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Chen Di, Ma Yixin, Pei Xirui, Li Wenxuan, Niu Chenqi, Zheng Haobo
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Sulfonamides are extensively used antimicrobials, but residues in food raise health risks such as allergies, antimicrobial resistance, and carcinogenicity. Strict residue limits require sensitive and efficient monitoring methods. While LC-FLD is selective and practical, conventional workflows rely on multi-step extraction and derivatization, which are time-consuming. A streamlined strategy integrating extraction and derivatization into a single operation is needed for practical residue analysis in complex food matrices.
RESULTS: A novel multi-functional effervescent tablet was developed to unify effervescence, derivatization, and extraction in one step. The tablet incorporates effervescent precursors (Na2CO3/NaH2PO4), fluorescamine (a derivatization reagent), Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (an adsorbent). Upon immersion, CO2 bubbles promote rapid dispersion of reagents and in-situ assembly of a magnetic composite adsorbent, enabling simultaneous derivatization and efficient extraction of sulfonamides. The core tablet-mediated procedure requires only 4 min, with desorption achieved in 0.5 min using acetone. Validation demonstrated excellent linearity (R2 > 0.998), low detection limits (0.130-0.285 ng/g), and recoveries of 82.6-107.0% with RSDs <10%. Application to spiked honey confirmed accuracy, with relative errors ranging from -8.9% to +9.2%. Comparative studies showed performance equivalent to conventional multi-step protocols, while reducing handling steps and solvent use during the extraction phase.
SIGNIFICANCE: This integrated effervescence/derivatization/extraction strategy streamlines sulfonamide residue analysis into a rapid, cost-effective, and easily automatable workflow. While sample pretreatment is still required for complex matrices, the tablet-based step significantly reduces manual handling and solvent consumption during the extraction and derivatization process. Its compatibility with LC-FLD provides a practical and cost-effective alternative to LC-MS, supporting reliable food safety surveillance within regulatory standards.
RESULTS: A novel multi-functional effervescent tablet was developed to unify effervescence, derivatization, and extraction in one step. The tablet incorporates effervescent precursors (Na2CO3/NaH2PO4), fluorescamine (a derivatization reagent), Fe3O4 nanoparticles, and hydroxylated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (an adsorbent). Upon immersion, CO2 bubbles promote rapid dispersion of reagents and in-situ assembly of a magnetic composite adsorbent, enabling simultaneous derivatization and efficient extraction of sulfonamides. The core tablet-mediated procedure requires only 4 min, with desorption achieved in 0.5 min using acetone. Validation demonstrated excellent linearity (R2 > 0.998), low detection limits (0.130-0.285 ng/g), and recoveries of 82.6-107.0% with RSDs <10%. Application to spiked honey confirmed accuracy, with relative errors ranging from -8.9% to +9.2%. Comparative studies showed performance equivalent to conventional multi-step protocols, while reducing handling steps and solvent use during the extraction phase.
SIGNIFICANCE: This integrated effervescence/derivatization/extraction strategy streamlines sulfonamide residue analysis into a rapid, cost-effective, and easily automatable workflow. While sample pretreatment is still required for complex matrices, the tablet-based step significantly reduces manual handling and solvent consumption during the extraction and derivatization process. Its compatibility with LC-FLD provides a practical and cost-effective alternative to LC-MS, supporting reliable food safety surveillance within regulatory standards.