Rhodococcus equi and Nocardia brasiliensis infection of the brain and liver in a patient with acute nonlymphoblastic leukemia.

Resolution of neutropenia is usually followed by resolution of fever in patients with febrile neutropenia. However, in some cases fever continues even when the patient is no longer neutropenic. Described here is a case of acute myeloblastic leukemia complicated by brain abscess, pulmonary nodules, and hepatic lesions. The patient's fever had continued after the neutropenia resolved; brain and hepatic cultures grew Rhodococcus equi and Nocardia brasiliensis. Although Rhodococcus infections occur frequently in patients with HIV infection, they are uncommon in patients with acute leukemia.