Factors contributing to the adverse drug reactions associated with the dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors: A scoping review.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Adverse drug reactions are one of the contributors to increased hospital admission and length of hospital stay. Among the various antidiabetic agents prescribed, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have gained wide recognition and shown more persistence than other novel hypoglycemic agents. We performed a scoping review to identify the risk factors contributing to the adverse drug reactions with DPP-4 inhibitors.

METHODOLOGY: We followed Preferred Reporting Items for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) Guidelines for reporting the findings. Data sources such as PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, and Cochrane were assessed. We included studies that reported the risk factors contributing to the DPP-4 inhibitor-associated adverse drug reactions. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies.

RESULTS

Of the 6406 studies retrieved, 11 studies met our inclusion criteria. Of these 11 studies, seven were post-marketing surveillance studies, one nested case-control study, one comparator cohort study, one food and drug administration (FDA) adverse event reporting system (FAERS)-based observational study, and one questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey study. A total of eight factors were identified that contributed to the DPP-4 inhibitor-associated adverse drug reactions.

CONCLUSION

The included studies suggested age >65 years, females, grade 4 and 5 renal impairment, concomitant drugs, disease and drug therapy duration, liver disease, non-smokers, and non-hypertension as risk factors. Further studies should be conducted to provide insight into these risk factors so that the appropriate use of DPP-4 inhibitors in the diabetic population can be encouraged to improve the health-related quality of life.

PROSPERO REGISTRATION: CRD42022308764.