Casein/Albumin Silver/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Efficient Dispersive Solid-Phase Microextraction of Phenolic Compounds from Aqueous Solutions Followed by UV-Visible Spectrometry.

The increasing presence of phenolic compounds in water sources from industrial and agricultural operations demands the development of effective, environmentally sustainable extraction and detection techniques. Casein/albumin-silver/zinc oxide nanoparticles (CAS/ALB-Ag/Zn NPs) have been produced and effectively characterized utilizing various approaches. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area measurement, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the nanoparticles. These nanoparticles were utilized as a sorbent in a novel dispersive solid phase microextraction (DSPME) method for the extraction of phenolic compounds, specifically phenol (PHN), pyrogallol (PYRO), and catechol (CATE) from aqueous solutions, subsequently analyzed using UV-visible spectrometry with Folin-Ciocalteu's reagent (FCR) as a chromogenic reagent. Several parameters that potentially influence extraction efficiency have been optimized. Under the optimal circumstances, the linear range for the analyzed phenolic compounds was 0.1-50.0 μg/mL, the detection limit ranged from 0.1096 to 0.1976 μg/mL, the quantification limit varied from 0.3322 to 0.5688 μg/mL, and the coefficient of determination (R 2) was between 0.9982 and 0.9989. Relative recoveries varied between 97.4% and 100.4% for actual samples. The synthesized nanocomposite sorbent exhibits elevated extraction efficiency, repeatability, sensitivity, and environmental compatibility, positioning it as a potential option for monitoring water quality and protecting environmental and human health through rapid, reliable spectrophotometric analysis and removal of phenolic contaminants in food and environmental samples.