Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA): a narrative review.

Myocardial infarction with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) refers to myocardial infarction cases with less than 50% narrowing of coronary arteries, accounting for about 2% to 10% of acute myocardial infarction cases, mainly in females. While MINOCA typically has a more favorable prognosis compared to obstructive CAD, the negative effects of MINOCA must not be overlooked. By amalgamating contemporary research on MINOCA, this study systematically delineates its progression, encompassing plaque lesions, coronary artery dissection, coronary microvascular spasm, thromboembolism, among others, various diagnostic techniques (such as coronary angiography, intravascular ultrasound, etc.) plus therapeutic approaches (such as statins, calcium channel blockers, antiplatelet medications, etc.). After pinpointing MINOCA's origin via supplementary correlative assessments, tailored treatment approaches become essential. In addition, this review also emphasizes current experiments that could offer fresh perspectives on treating MINOCA.