Molecular Cytogenetic Analysis and Meiotic Pairing Behavior of Progenies Originating from a Hexaploid Triticale (×Triticosecale, Wittmack) and Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.) Cross.

The chromosomal constitution of 9 dwarf (D) and 8 semidwarf (SD) lines derived by crossing hexaploid Triticale line NA-75 (AABBRR, 2n = 6x = 42) with Triticumaestivum (AABBDD, 2n = 6x = 42) cv. Chinese Spring was investigated using molecular cytogenetic techniques: fluorescence in situ hybridization and genomic in situ hybridization. A wheat-rye translocation (T4DS.7RL), 8 substitution lines, and a ditelosomic addition line (7RSdt) were identified. In the substitution lines, 1, 2, or 4 pairs of wheat chromosomes, belonging to the A, B, or D genome, were replaced by rye chromosomes. Substitutions between chromosomes belonging to different wheat genomes [5B(5A), 1D(1B)] also occurred. The lines were genetically stable, each carrying 42 chromosomes, except the wheat-rye ditelosomic addition line, which carried 21 pairs of wheat chromosomes and 1 pair of rye telocentric chromosomes (7RS). The chromosome pairing behavior of the lines was studied during metaphase I of meiosis. The chromosome pairing level and the number of ring bivalents were different for each line. Besides rod bivalents, univalent and multivalent associations (tri- and quadrivalents) were also detected. The main goal of the experiment was to develop genetically stable wheat/Triticale recombinant lines carrying chromosomes/chromatin fragments originating from the R genome of Triticale line NA-75. Introgression of rye genes into hexaploid wheat can broaden its genetic diversity, and the newly developed lines can be used in wheat breeding programs.