Epitranscriptomic regulation through phase separation in plants.

Epitranscriptomic regulation has emerged as a crucial layer of gene control where RNA modifications, particularly N6-methyladenosine (m6A), introduce complexity and versatility to gene regulation. Increasing evidence suggests that epitranscriptomic regulation through phase separation plays critical roles in mediating RNA metabolism during plant development and stress responses. m6A-associated biomolecular condensates formed via phase separation act as dynamic cellular hotspots where m6A effectors, RNAs, and other regulatory proteins coalesce to facilitate RNA regulation. Moreover, m6A modulates condensate assembly. Herein, I summarize the current understanding of how m6A- and m6A effector-mediated formation of biomolecular condensates mediates plant development and stress adaptation. I also discuss several working models for m6A-associated biomolecular condensates and highlight the prospects for future research on epitranscriptomic regulation through phase separation.