Pulmonary coccidioidal mycetoma.

Cavitary pulmonary disease due to coccidioidomycosis is common; however, development of both the underlying cavity and the fungus ball due to Coccidioides immitis is rare and has been reported on only five occasions. We report a case of coccidioidal mycetoma formation as a late sequelae of primary pulmonary coccidioidal pneumonia. Therapy with 2 gm of amphotericin B was unsuccessful and, because of recurrent hemoptysis, the patient required lobar resection. Endosporulating spherules, as well as septate mycelia with arthrospore formation, were found on histologic examination. The medical and surgical management, as well as the potential of such lesions to produce human to human transmission, is discussed.