Identification and validation of cross-reactivity of anti-Thailand orthohantavirus nucleocapsid peptides.

A Thailand orthohantavirus (THAIV) is endemic in Southeast Asia. This assumption is supported by isolation of THAIV from local small mammals. Also, anti-orthohantavirus antibodies were detected in human serum. However, our understanding of THAIV cross-reactivity with antibodies against other orthohantaviruses remains largely unknown. We used the in-silico approach to identify the cross-reactive immunogenic peptides of THAIV. The immunogenicity of these peptides was tested using convalescent serum from patients infected with Puumala (PUUV), Hantaan (HNTV) and Dobrava (DOBV) orthohantaviruses. We identified three THAIV peptides reacting with orthohantavirus convalescent serum. P1 peptide was reactive with serum from patients infected with PUUV, HNTV and DOBV. These peptides were found to be non-allergenic. Molecular docking and population coverage analysis revealed the potential of selected peptides to interact with diverse HLA alleles worldwide. Our data indicate that THAIV peptides could be used to develop diagnostics for orthohantaviruses circulating in Southeast Asia.