[Evolution and progress of personalized sedation strategies].

Sedation and analgesia strategies are integral components of treatment for critically ill patients. They help to reduce discomfort and anxiety, minimize adverse medical events, enable safe and effective interventions, and ultimately improve patient outcomes. In recent years, with advancing research, the concepts and strategies guiding clinical sedation and analgesia have progressively evolved. Significant shifts have occurred, moving from continuous deep sedation to a model prioritizing analgesia and light sedation, and further to recommendations favoring the use of propofol and dexmedetomidine over benzodiazepines. This series of transitions demonstrates progress in clinical practice. This article will review research on sedation protocols for different patient populations, focusing on the evolution of sedation strategies, comparisons of clinical effects among different sedative agents, the relationships between sedation, delirium, and sleep, and the early comfort using analgesia, minimal sedatives and maximal humane care (eCASH) concept. The aim is to provide a scientific basis for the individualized sedation strategies in clinical practice.