Urgent thoracotomy for pulmonary or tracheobronchial injury.

Three hundred eighty-eight of 7,283 (5.3%) admitted trauma patients underwent urgent thoracotomy. In 61 patients (15.7%), pulmonary or tracheobronchial injury prompted thoracotomy (11, blunt; 50, penetrating). Pulmonary hemorrhage necessitated thoracotomy in 54 patients (88.5%); tracheobronchial injury in five patients (8.2%). The mortality was 27.9%. Nine patients (14.8%) underwent pneumonectomy: eight died of intractable hemorrhagic shock during thoracotomy despite rapid control of pulmonary hemorrhage: one died of sepsis. Eleven patients (18.0%) underwent lobectomy: six (54.5%) died of concomitant injuries. Thirty-six patients (59.0%) underwent pneumonorrhaphy: one died of concomitant injuries. Five (8.2%) patients underwent tracheobronchial repair: one died of concomitant injuries. Pneumonectomy was uniformly fatal and should be a procedure of last resort in the treatment of pulmonary injury, as lobectomy and pneumonorraphy are better tolerated by these critically ill patients.