Rosa rubiginosa L. Extract Rich in Bioactive Phenolics Possess Potent Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, Photoprotective, and Antimicrobial Biofunctional Activities.

The hydroethanolic Rosa rubiginosa extract is evaluated in vitro for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet, photoprotective, and antimicrobial activities. Rich in phenolics and carotenoids, it shows strong antioxidant activity (notably in DPPH) and high SPF-related UV protection. Major compounds include rosmarinic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, quercetin, and luteolin. Synergistic interactions among bioactives enhance antioxidant capacity beyond that of individual compounds. The extract demonstrates pronounced anti-inflammatory effects against platelet-activating factor (PAF), exceeding those of isolated standards, while showing lower activity against ADP-induced platelet aggregation, indicating specificity toward PAF-mediated pathways. Molecular docking supports interactions with the PAF receptor. Given PAF's role in UV-induced inflammation and melanoma, the extract's UV absorption, antioxidant capacity, and anti-PAF activity suggest protective effects against photoaging. Antimicrobial activity is stronger against Gram-negative bacteria, with slower effects on Gram-positive strains. Overall, R. rubiginosa extract exhibits broad bioactivity, supporting its potential as a multifunctional ingredient in functional foods, nutraceuticals, supplements, and cosmetic formulations.