Infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis after surgery for esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula.

Infants with esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula may have other associated anomalies. The development of infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis in the postoperative course of esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula is rarely reported. Because its symptoms may mimick postoperative complications such as gastroesophageal reflux or anastomotic stricture, the diagnosis may be delayed. We report an infant who had surgery for esophageal atresia with tracheoesophageal fistula at birth. The infant presented with nonbilious projectile vomiting at 4 weeks of age. Plain abdominal x-ray, barium upper gastrointestinal series and abdominal ultrasonography all supported the diagnosis of hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. The diagnosis was confirmed during surgery. After pyloromyotomy, the patient's condition improved.