Visit-to-visit systolic blood pressure variability, blood pressure treatment intensity, and cognitive decline.

INTRODUCTION

Visit-to-visit blood pressure variability (BPV) may be associated with cognitive decline beyond mean blood pressure (BP), but its relevance across treatment contexts remains uncertain.

METHODS

We pooled individual-participant data from Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Memory in Diabetes (ACCORD-MIND) and Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial Memory and Cognition in Decreased Hypertension (SPRINT-MIND) (n = 11,104). Participants had baseline and follow-up cognitive testing and ≥3 BP measurements from 3 months onwards. The primary exposure was systolic BP variation independent of the mean (SBP-VIM). The primary outcome was annualized change in standardized Digit Symbol Substitution or Coding Test Z-scores.

RESULTS

Each 10% increment in SBP-VIM was independently associated with faster annual cognitive decline (β = -0.008 per year; 95% confidence interval [CI]: -0.014 to -0.003) after adjustment including mean SBP. Associations were observed in the intensive but not standard BP treatment arms of both trials, although the pooled interaction was not statistically significant (p = 0.054).

DISCUSSION: Higher systolic BPV was associated with accelerated cognitive decline independently of mean BP. The exploratory treatment-context pattern warrants prospective confirmation.