Science advances · 2017
Australian shelf sediments reveal shifts in Miocene Southern Hemisphere westerlies.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод в очереди
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Groeneveld Jeroen, Henderiks Jorijntje, Renema Willem, McHugh Cecilia M, De Vleeschouwer David, Christensen Beth A, Fulthorpe Craig S, Reuning Lars, Gallagher Stephen J, Bogus Kara, Auer Gerald, Ishiwa Takeshige, Expedition 356 Scientists
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between selenium nutritional status and intermediates of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 transmission.
DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.
SETTING: A study clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
SUBJECTS: A total of 340 HIV-1-infected pregnant women with gestational ages 12-27 weeks.
METHODS: Women's plasma selenium concentrations were determined at enrollment and modeled as tertiles (tertile 1: <114 microg/l (reference); tertile 2: 114-131 microg/l; tertile 3: >131 microg/l). Cervicovaginal lavage specimens were obtained at 36 weeks of gestation to determine HIV-1 RNA and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) levels. In subgroup analyses, 123 women with genital tract infections at enrollment were excluded.
RESULTS: Plasma selenium concentrations >or=114 microg/l were related to increased risk of lower-genital shedding of HIV-1 RNA. Excluding women with genital tract infections strengthened the associations (relative risk (RR) tertile 2: 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.10, 1.92; RR tertile 3: 1.39, 95% CI=1.05, 1.84). There was evidence for an association between plasma selenium concentrations >or=114 microg/l and increased HIV-1 RNA levels among the entire cohort and after excluding women with genital tract infections. There was no association between plasma selenium and IL-1beta concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS: High selenium status may lead to increased risk of genital HIV-1 shedding, but data from other studies indicate that the evidence is mixed. Results from ongoing selenium trials are awaited to clarify the impact of selenium on HIV-1-related transmission endpoints.
SPONSORSHIP: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD R01 32257) and the Fogarty International Center (NIH D43 TW00004).
DESIGN: Prospective cohort study.
SETTING: A study clinic at Muhimbili National Hospital, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
SUBJECTS: A total of 340 HIV-1-infected pregnant women with gestational ages 12-27 weeks.
METHODS: Women's plasma selenium concentrations were determined at enrollment and modeled as tertiles (tertile 1: <114 microg/l (reference); tertile 2: 114-131 microg/l; tertile 3: >131 microg/l). Cervicovaginal lavage specimens were obtained at 36 weeks of gestation to determine HIV-1 RNA and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) levels. In subgroup analyses, 123 women with genital tract infections at enrollment were excluded.
RESULTS: Plasma selenium concentrations >or=114 microg/l were related to increased risk of lower-genital shedding of HIV-1 RNA. Excluding women with genital tract infections strengthened the associations (relative risk (RR) tertile 2: 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.10, 1.92; RR tertile 3: 1.39, 95% CI=1.05, 1.84). There was evidence for an association between plasma selenium concentrations >or=114 microg/l and increased HIV-1 RNA levels among the entire cohort and after excluding women with genital tract infections. There was no association between plasma selenium and IL-1beta concentrations.
CONCLUSIONS: High selenium status may lead to increased risk of genital HIV-1 shedding, but data from other studies indicate that the evidence is mixed. Results from ongoing selenium trials are awaited to clarify the impact of selenium on HIV-1-related transmission endpoints.
SPONSORSHIP: National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD R01 32257) and the Fogarty International Center (NIH D43 TW00004).