Coexistence of two rare genetic disorders: Kartagener syndrome and familial Mediterranean fever.

Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare disease, predominantly inherited as an autosomal recessive, with ciliary dysfunction leading to impaired mucociliary clearance, chronic airway infection and inflammation. Situs inversus totalis occurs in ~50 % of PCD patients and it is known as Kartagener syndome. Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by recurrent attacks of fever and peritonitis, pleuritis, arthritis, or erysipelas-like skin disease. FMF is caused by mutations in the MEFV gene which is located on chromosome 16p13.3. p.M680I, p.M694 V, p.M694I, p.V726A on exon 10 and p.E148Q on exon 2 are the most common mutations among FMF patients and these constitute 85 % of all. Homozygosity of R202Q polymorphism is strongly associated with FMF. We would like to present a case of Kartagener syndrome accompanied by FMF with R202Q polymorphism. Our case is the first in the literature indicating the accidental coexistence of FMF and Kartagener syndrome.