The effect of phthalates on insulin secretion of pancreatic beta cells based on cellular studies, a systematic review.

Diabetes is increasing worldwide. Phthalates are regularly detected in food and ecosystem environments at detectable levels. The purpose of this study was to review and summarize the effect of phthalates on insulin secretion from pancreatic ß-cell. Also, the toxicity of pancreatic ß-cell caused by phthalates and the mechanism of toxicity were discussed in detail. To evaluate the amount of insulin secretion, the cells are usually exposed to two different concentrations of glucose (high and low). In almost all phthalate concentrations at high glucose concentrations, it leads to a decrease in insulin secretion. Furthermore, the most important mechanism in the physiological changes of pancreatic ß-cell was assigned to oxidative stress. The relationship between insulin secretion and oxidative stress parameters with phthalate concentration was identified in all studies. As phthalate concentrations increase, decreased insulin secretion and increased oxidative stress damage are observed in pancreatic beta cells.