Precision medicine and rare diseases in pediatric urology.

Precision Medicine holds promise for helping us manage specific phenotypes of common diseases. For rare diseases such as hypospadias, DSD, and pediatric solid tumors, it can also reveal underlying risk factors and pathogenesis. Professors Ann Nordgren and Anna Lindstrand share their experiences in the development and ongoing initiatives of the Swedish national project on Precision Medicine and how it could change the care of pediatric urology patients.