Postcoital catamenial pneumothorax. Report of a case not associated with endometriosis and successfully treated with tubal ligation.

A 39-year-old woman had a 7-yr history of recurrent right-sided pneumothoraces. These occurred within 1 to 2 days before or after the beginning of the menstrual cycle. The patient recalled often having developed the right-sided pleuritic pain of pneumothorax during or shortly after sexual intercourse. She had no symptoms or signs to suggest endometriosis. A trial of cyclic birth control pills was unsuccessful in preventing recurrent pneumothoraces. Finally, approximately a year ago, laparoscopic tubal ligation was performed. The patient has not had pneumothorax since. We conclude that in our patient, the catamenial pneumothorax was most likely related to transtubal passage of air during sexual intercourse. Passage from the peritoneum to the pleura presumably occurred through a congenital defect or fenestration of the right hemidiaphragm.