The Role of Hydrogen Sulfide in Peripheral Nervous System Modulation.

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter that contributes to the regulation of peripheral nervous system (PNS) function. H2S is produced by several enzymes whose expression changes under different physiological and pathological conditions, influencing how peripheral neurons respond to environmental and internal signals. H2S modulates neuronal excitability through its actions on ion channels and through interactions with other gasotransmitters, shaping sensory, autonomic, and pain-related pathways. In autonomic circuits, H2S adjusts sympathetic and parasympathetic activity. Through these actions, it affects cardiovascular control, gastrointestinal motility, and respiratory rhythm. In pain pathways, H2S can modulate nociception in either direction, with its effectsshaped by the physiological or pathological state. H2S participates in multiple pain conditions and contributes to changes in peripheral and spinal processing that influence pain sensitivity. Overall, H2S influences several components of peripheral neurobiology and represents a potential target for strategies aimed at treating autonomic dysfunction and chronic pain.