Epigenetic landscape of placental tissue in preeclampsia: a systematic review of DNA methylation profiles.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a complex pregnancy disorder characterized by hypertension and organ dysfunction, significantly impacting maternal and fetal health. This systematic review investigates the epigenetic modifications, specifically DNA methylation patterns, in placental tissue from PE pregnancies. We conducted a comprehensive literature search across multiple databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase for studies published up to November 2024. The review analyzed genome-wide methylation studies and gene-specific methylation patterns in placental tissue, revealing significant differential methylation in numerous genes and pathways associated with PE pathogenesis. Our findings highlight distinct methylation profiles between early-onset and late-onset PE, tissue-specific methylation patterns within the placenta, and potential therapeutic and diagnostic implications. This review contributes to understanding the epigenetic mechanisms underlying PE and identifies promising biomarkers for early detection and intervention strategies.