Green-synthesized Punica granatum-mediated silver nanoparticles mitigate environmental endotoxin-induced cardiovascular oxidative inflammation in rats.

Bacterial endotoxin in bioaerosols and organic dust is mainly the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from gram-negative bacteria, and it is a major cause of sepsis-like inflammation potent trigger. Existing methods of diagnosing and treating sepsis, including blood culture assays, polymerase chain reaction-based assays, and antibiotic therapy, are inadequate; as a result, sepsis-related mortality is still high and antimicrobial resistance is rising. To address this issue, sepsis is diagnosed and treated using nanotechnology, which entails engineering at the nanoscale. The new study concentrated on the biological side, specifically investigating the protective effects of silver nanoparticles based on Punica granatum aqueous extract on sepsis-induced heart and aorta damages in rats. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) methods were used to examine the produced AgNPs@P. granatum fully. LPS (1 mg/kg, i. p.) was used for the induction of sepsis (Heart and aorta damages). Rats were divided into six groups for the research: control, sepsis-induced, AgNPs@P. granatum-treated (50 and 100 μg/kg), and AgNPs@P. granatum-treated plus sepsis-induced (50 and 100 μg/kg). The average size of the spherically shaped nanoparticles was 36.95 nm. The sepsis rats experienced much more heart and aorta damages than the other treated groups with AgNPs@P. granatum and P. granatum extract. The sepsis-induced group's heart and aorta damages were significantly reduced (p<0.05) after receiving AgNPs@P. granatum. The AgNPs@P. granatum-treated groups and the control group did not vary significantly in the heart and aorta (p<0.05). The sepsis-induced group's inflammatory cytokines (IL1 and TNF-α) levels significantly decreased after receiving AgNPs@P. granatum treatment (p<0.05). Thus, by lowering the inflammatory cytokines and nitric oxide (NO) levels, regulating the antioxidant enzymes (Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)), the marker of lipid peroxidation/oxidative stress (Malondialdehyde (MDA)) and increasing the total thiol levels, AgNPs@P. granatum may help avoid heart and aorta oxidative damages brought on by sepsis.