Case-control study of canine infection by a newly recognised Babesia microti-like piroplasm.

We did a case-control study to identify risk factors for prevalent infection of dogs by a newly recognised Babesia microti-like piroplasm. Clinical manifestations and haematology of infected dogs also were described. Forty-three laboratory-based cases and 86 individually matched controls were studied. Information on clinical signs and on risk factors was collected by a questionnaire and telephone interviews. Haematology was carried out for all the dogs. Variables were screened in a bivariable conditional logistic regression and checked for colinearity. The final multivariable model was selected by backward stepwise elimination. The odds of a case having ticks when examined at the clinic was 4 times that of a control and the odds of a case being a hunting or a house-guarding dog were, respectively, 24.2 and 2.7 times those of a control. The most consistently reported clinical signs were weakness (79%), tachycardia (43%) and haemoglobinuria (42%). Mean red-blood-cell count, haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, and mean platelet volume of infected dogs were lower than the reference values and those of non-infected dogs-but leukocyte count, mean corpuscular volume and red-blood-cell distribution width were higher.