The role of systemic inflammatory and prognostic índices in diabetic patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer receiving BCG therapy.

INTRODUCTION

Systemic inflammatory and prognostic indices are emerging biomarkers in bladder cancer. Diabetes mellitus (DM), a chronic inflammatory disease, and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) therapy may influence these indices in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC).

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the impact of DM and BCG therapy on inflammatory and prognostic indices in patients with NMIBC.

MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective study of 156 NMIBC patients was conducted. Patients were stratified by DM and BCG status (DM+/DM-; BCG+/BCG-), and into four subgroups (DM-/BCG-, DM+/BCG+, DM-/BCG+, DM+/BCG-). Laboratory and clinical parameters were compared using standard statistical tests (t-test, Chi-square, ANOVA). A P-value <.05 was considered significant.

RESULTS

DM+ patients had significantly higher glucose (P = .001), HbA1c (P = .017), GKR (P = .014), and lower PNI (P = .014). Tumor recurrence was more common in DM+ (P = .021). In the BCG comparison, albumin (P = .002) and PNI (P = .009) differed. Four-group analysis showed significant differences in tumor grade, tumor recurrence, HbA1c, albumin, PNI, and MPR (all P < .05), especially between DM+/BCG+ and DM-/BCG+.

CONCLUSION

DM and BCG therapy are associated with systemic inflammatory and prognostic indices in NMIBC. GKR and PNI may serve as practical, cost-effective markers for recurrence risk stratification.