Inhospital Surgical Disparities.

Access to and quality of health care are fundamental determinants of surgical outcomes, yet disparities remain prevalent due to a mix of patient, provider, and systemic factors. Rural residents often face longer travel times and reduced hospital access, exacerbating inequities. Inhospital disparities are influenced by race, socioeconomic status, and insurance coverage, with Black patients, those of lower socioeconomic status, and the uninsured experiencing higher rates of surgical complications and mortality. Socioeconomic disadvantage further limits access to health-promoting resources. Family support programs are promising in improving perioperative outcomes and patient satisfaction, underscoring the need for comprehensive, equitable approaches to surgical care.