Insights Into Pathogen Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in the Intensive Care Units of a Regional Hospital in Oman.

BACKGROUND

Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), also known as nosocomial infections, are considered one of the greatest challenges to hospitals and the healthcare system, especially in intensive care units (ICUs). The biggest challenge comes from developing antimicrobial resistance (AMR), which is associated with an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. A regularly updated antibiogram is essential for the ICU physician to assist in choosing empirical antibiotics appropriately till culture results are released.

METHODS

We conducted a retrospective study to determine the spectrum of AMR among bacteria encountered in the ICU. We aim to determine the prevalence and distribution of resistant strains.

Results

The study found a total of 498 samples that were positive for pathogens. Gram-negative pathogens were the most commonly isolated ones, and Klebsiella was the most frequent finding. One hundred and thirty-six (27.3%) isolates were multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). Acinetobacter was the most common MDRO isolated, followed by carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE). Gram-negative pathogens were sensitive to aminoglycosides, except Acinetobacter, which was sensitive to cotrimoxazole and colistin. Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae were the most difficult to treat MDRO.

CONCLUSION

The development of an antibiogram for each health institute can help in effectively managing and treating nosocomial infections and reduce the risk of antimicrobial infections. It will guide the physician and help avoid the misuse of antibiotics.