The Pediatric Vocal Mechanism: Structure and Function.

The pediatric vocal mechanism is dynamic and complex. Effective treatment of voice disorders in children requires accurate knowledge of typical laryngeal structure and function. This is particularly crucial given that the pediatric vocal mechanism differs in structure and function from that found in adults. Yet, it can be difficult to find data specific to pediatric voices. This article describes three aspects of vocal function across childhood: 1) laryngeal anatomical structure, 2) quantitative voice measures across childhood, and 3) voice disorder risk across childhood. The influence of dysphonia on quality of life across childhood is also considered. The goal of this review is to enhance the diagnosis of pediatric voice disorders as well as to highlight areas for future inquiry.